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History Of Television


During the early years of television, using a combination of optical, mechanical, technology and electronics to record, display, and broadcast visual images. However, in the late 1920 's, the only television system using optical and electronic technologies have developed, which all modern television systems to apply this technology. Although mechanical systems finally no longer in use, the knowledge gained from the development of electromechanical systems is essential in the development of electronic television system.

The first pictures transmitted electrically were via fax machine simple, mechanical (such as pantelegraf) that was developed in the late 19th century. The concept of the delivery of moving images that use electric power was first described in 1878 as "teleponoskop" (the concept of a combined phone and moving images), not long after the invention of the telephone. At that time, science fiction writers have imagined that someday the light will also be delivered through the medium of cable, as well as sound.

The idea to use the system scan pictures to send pictures was first practiced in 1881 using pantelegraf, i.e. using pendulum scanning mechanism. Since then, a variety of image scanning techniques have been used in almost every image delivery technology, including television. That is the concept called "perasteran", i.e. the process of changing the visual image into a stream of electrical waves.

In 1884 Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, a student of 23 years in Germany, patented electromechanical television systems that use a Nipkow disk, a spinning disk with a series of holes arranged in a spiral into the center of cakaram that is used in the process perasteran. Each hole of the disc is positioned by the same angle so that in any such disk rotational can pick up light through each hole to about a layer of light sensitive selenium that generates electrical pulses. Along with the placement of the image position is focused at the disk, each hole will scan each "slice" of the overall horizontal image. This is not the Nipkow's tools can really be put into practice until the existence of technological advancement in tube amplifier. However, such tools can only emit image "halftone" due to holes with certain positions with different size of cable through the telegraph or telephone.

The next design is to use a rotating mirror-drum scanner as the recorder images and CRT (CRT) as the display device. In 1907, a scientist Russia, Boris Rosing became the inventor of the first use of the CRT in the recipient of the experimental television system. He uses the scanner "mirror-drum" to send a simple geometric figure to the CRT. However, to record moving images still can't do, because of the sensitivity of the detectors low selenium.


Scottish inventor John Logie Baird managed to show the way the transmission of images of the shadow move in London in 1925, followed by a monochrome moving images in 1926. Disc scanner Baird can produce 30 lines resolution image (enough to show a human face) of the lens with a double spiral. Demonstrations by Baird has been approved in General by the world as a demonstration of television's first mechanical television, even if no longer used. In 1927, Baird also found the first video recording system in the world, namely "Phonovision", i.e. with the TV camera output signal modulates into the audio range, he can record the signal at the audio disc of 10 inches (25 cm) with using a regular audio recording technology. Only a handful of recordings "Phonovision" Baird remains and recordings that still survive are then translated and processed into an image that can be seen in 1990-an use technology processing of digital signals.

In 1926, Hungarian engineer Kálmán Tihanyi, television system, designed with the scanning and a fully electronic display, and use the principle of "contents" in the storage tube scanner (or "camera").


In 1927, an inventor, Léon Theremin, Russia developed a television system with mirror-drum using the system "video created" to produce an image resolution of 100 lines.

In the same year, Herbert e. Ives of Bell Labs managed to transmit moving pictures of a 50-aperture disk that produced 16 pictures per minute through the medium of a cable from Washington, D.C. to New York City, as well as through radio waves of Whippany , New Jersey. Ives uses publishers of 24 x 30 inches (60 x 75 cm). The subject of her including one American Trade Secretary then, Herbert Hoover.

In the same year, Philo Farnsworth made the world's first television system with electronic scanning in both display devices and pickup, where his findings he was first demonstrated in front of the press on September 1, 1928.